<html> <head> <meta http-equiv=Content-Type content="text/html; charset=big5"> <meta name=Generator content="Microsoft Word 11 (filtered)"> <style>  </style> </head> <body bgcolor=white lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple> <div class=Section1> … further thoughts:   (a) I am not familiar with the DETR publication. Is it a summary of “what is”? Then one can expect current design to significantly improve the values when adhering to ADL2.   (b) You do not mention ventilation in your description. I assume it is taken into account?   (c) Does DETR state end energy? Does the simulation take distribution losses and generation losses and partial load losses into account?   (d) The DETR numbers you state seem strange in regard to high heating loads. For office buildings, at the currently generally assumed occupancy density, computer gear and lighting levels – together with the “22 °C at all times policy” – usually cooling load is the major load to my knowledge (however, I have experience with offices in London, only).   <div> Best regards Achim Geissler   </div> <div style='border:none;border-left:solid blue 1.5pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 4.0pt'> <div> <div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'> <hr size=2 width="100%" align=center tabindex=-1> </div> From: esp-r-bounces@lists.strath.ac.uk [mailto:esp-r-bounces@lists.strath.ac.uk] On Behalf Of Ing Liang Wong Sent: Saturday, March 03, 2007 3:23 AM To: esp-r@lists.strath.ac.uk Subject: [esp-r] unrealistic energy demands? </div>   <div> Hi all, </div> <div>   </div> <div> I am calculating the annual heating and cooling energy consumption for office buildings in UK climates. The heating and cooling setpoints are 20 and 24 degrees respectively. Internal casual gains from occupants, lighting and electrical equipment are assumed. The U-values for building fabrics are in accordance with the UK building regulations. </div> <div>   </div> <div> To my surprise, the results (annual heating and cooling energy consumptions) are around 35 and 16 (in kWh/m2 heated floor area). The values are a bit unrealistic compared to the DETR publication for energy consumption for standard air conditioned office buildings in the UK climates (128-226kWh/m2  for electricity and 97-178kWh/m2 for fossil fuels, or 200-260kWh/m2 for heating and 33-41kWh/m2 for cooling). </div> <div>   </div> <div> I had tried different simulations with variable heating and cooling capacities and temperature setpoints, it looks to me that my office building never meet the standard guidelines established by DETR. </div> <div>   </div> <div> Anyone had experienced the similar problem before? I am very confused since the results are unrealistic and thus, I find it very difficult to offer any explanation to the simulation results. Maybe some experienced users could shed any light in this case. </div> <div>   </div> <div> Thank you. </div> <div>   </div> <div> Regards, </div> <div> Wong </div> </div> </div> </body> </html>